01
Dutch RTI for Grid-Connected Generation
What the Dutch RTI requirement means for generation and storage projects above 1 MW, why DSOs are enforcing it, and what an implementation actually needs.
Knowledge Base
Practical guidance for people specifying, integrating, commissioning, and operating connected energy systems.
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Technical guidance for better deployment decisions.
Knowledge Base content
02
Dynamic frequency response services explained
Dynamic frequency response explained across regional service names, with the measurement, control and evidence a real deployment needs.
03
Intelligent Energy Management Systems (IEMS)
How to select an IEMS: measurement boundaries, local and cloud architecture, baselines, data quality, control responsibilities and acceptance tests.
04
Modbus over RS-485 Commissioning
A field method for commissioning Modbus RTU addressing, wiring, timing, register maps, byte order, quality and acceptance evidence.
05
Selecting Current Transformers
How to choose CTs for energy monitoring, including accuracy class, burden, sizing, and installation trade-offs.
06
What Is SCADA? Architecture and Energy Use Cases
A practical guide to SCADA architecture, protocol choices, multi-site energy monitoring, command verification, commissioning and failure modes.
07
Commissioning 4–20 mA and 0–10 V Monitoring
A field method for loop power, voltage headroom, scaling, fault states, isolation, sampling and acceptance of analogue process signals.
08
Equipment Performance Monitoring Boundaries
Define input, useful output, operating state and time boundaries for pumps, compressors, boilers, chillers and heat pumps.
09
Heat Meter Data Monitoring and Reconciliation
Monitor heat-meter energy, flow and temperatures while preserving meter identity, timestamps, quality and district-heating boundaries.
10
High-accuracy electricity metering
Understand electricity-meter accuracy classes, complete measurement-chain error, billing approval and practical commissioning for reliable submetering.
11
How to Set a Static IP Address on Ubuntu Desktop
Set a static IPv4 address in Ubuntu Desktop, verify the route, restore the original profile and connect safely to an EpiSensor Gateway.
12
How to Set a Static IP Address on Windows 11
Set a manual IPv4 address in Windows 11, verify the connection, restore DHCP and connect safely to an EpiSensor Gateway management port.
13
IoT and Machine Learning for Real-Time Data
Where machine learning genuinely improves industrial and energy telemetry workflows, and where it is mostly noise.
14
IoT Data Privacy: Ensuring Compliance with GDPR
Key GDPR considerations for IoT data collection and how to build compliant systems from the ground up.
15
IoT Data Storage Architecture and Options
Compare IoT databases, edge history, replay queues and cloud archives. Size storage, define retention and verify delivery and recovery before deployment.
16
IoT Environmental Monitoring Field Guide
Design trustworthy indoor and outdoor monitoring: choose variables, place sensors, record uncertainty and expose missing data.
17
IoT in Aquaculture: Optimising Fish Farming
A sector-specific example of how remote sensing and operational telemetry can improve yield and reduce waste.
18
IoT Interoperability in Multi-Vendor Systems
Specify and test an interoperable IoT system across devices, gateways and applications: roles, data meaning, time, quality, security, failure and change.
19
IoT Sensors for Renewable Energy Production
Where sensor networks add value in renewable generation and why the instrumentation layer affects commercial performance.
20
Microgrid Basics for Energy Systems
A concise grounding in microgrid operation, control boundaries, and the monitoring stack behind resilient sites.
21
P1 Port Smart Meter Guide
How Dutch DSMR and Belgian eMUCS P1 smart-meter ports work, including the RJ12 pinout, telegrams, OBIS codes, commissioning checks and the DSMR6/X1 transition.
22
Pulse Meter Commissioning and Reconciliation
Prove pulse electrical compatibility, pulse weight, rate, persistence, rollover and totaliser reconciliation for remote meter acquisition.
23
Pulse Meters: Dry Pulse vs Active Pulse
Compare dry contacts, open-collector and active voltage pulse outputs. Check wiring, isolation, pulse timing and scaling before connecting a meter.
24
Renewable Energy Grid Integration and Stability
Renewable energy grid integration: frequency, voltage, system strength, forecasting, congestion, storage, demand response and monitoring.
25
Rogowski Coils for Energy Monitoring
Learn how Rogowski coils work, how they differ from conventional current transformers, and how to select, install and commission a complete measuring system.
26
Section 14a EnWG Guide
German Section 14a EnWG: covered devices, the 4.2 kW threshold, grid-oriented dimming, network-charge modules and metering boundaries.
27
Sensor Data in IoT: Collection, Quality and Use
Design trustworthy IoT sensor data: point identity, units, source timestamps, quality states, reporting intervals, gap handling, lineage and acceptance tests.
28
The Role of IoT in Demand Response Programs
How IoT measurement and control underpins demand response, from signal to settlement.
29
UK G99 Grid Connection Requirements
A practical guide to G99 scope, generator types, connection evidence, commissioning, storage and operational monitoring in Great Britain.
30
Using Zigbee Alongside LoRaWAN
Choose Zigbee, LoRaWAN or both for energy monitoring. Compare reporting needs, coverage, device classes and the integration work needed before deployment.
31
What is FCAS? Australian services guide
A practical guide to Australia's ten NEM FCAS markets, raise and lower response, measurement requirements, registration evidence and hardware boundaries.
32
What Is MQTTS? MQTT over TLS for Energy IoT
Understand MQTT over TLS: certificates, broker identity, topic access, QoS limits and commissioning checks for trustworthy energy IoT data.
33
What Is Predictive Maintenance?
How predictive maintenance works in practice and what data quality is required before the term means anything.
34
Wired M-Bus Commissioning for Heat Meters
Plan and prove wired M-Bus unit load, voltage, topology, addressing, telegram mapping, freshness and heat-meter reconciliation.
35
Three-phase power calculator
Work out active, reactive and apparent power for a balanced three-phase load from voltage, current and power factor.
36
Electrical load factor calculator
Check how evenly a site uses its peak demand over a billing or reporting period.
37
kW to amps and amps to kW calculator
Convert kW to amps, or amps to kW, for DC, single-phase and three-phase circuits.
38
kW, kVA, kvar and power factor calculator
Find the rest of the power triangle (kW, kVA, kvar and power factor) from two known values.
39
Transformer full-load current calculator
Work out the full-load primary and secondary current of a transformer from its kVA rating and voltages.
40
Electricity energy and demand cost calculator
Estimate an electricity bill with energy, demand and fixed charges shown separately.
41
Interval demand calculator
Turn the energy recorded in one demand interval into average demand in kW.
42
Power-factor correction kvar calculator
Estimate the kvar needed to raise a lagging power factor to a target, and the current it saves.
43
NEMA voltage unbalance calculator
Calculate voltage unbalance from three line-to-line readings using the NEMA method.
44
Harmonic THD and TDD calculator
Calculate voltage or current THD, or current TDD, from measured harmonic magnitudes.
45
4–20 mA scaling calculator
Scale a 4–20 mA signal to engineering units or back, and check the loop has enough supply voltage.
46
Modbus register address translator
Work out which register a device map means: zero-based offset, one-based number or 40001-style reference.
47
Modbus function and exception code reference
Look up any public Modbus function code, data object or exception code, with its request limits.
48
AWG, mm² and kcmil conductor converter
Convert conductor sizes between AWG and mm².
49
Pulse meter scaling and capacity calculator
Convert pulse counts to energy and check pulse rate, pulse width and counter capacity.
50
Current transformer ratio and burden calculator
Work out a CT's secondary current and check its rated burden covers the meter and the lead loop.
51
0–10 V and 1–5 V signal scaling calculator
Scale an analogue voltage signal to engineering units, including spans that do not start at zero.
52
Pt100 and Pt1000 resistance–temperature calculator
Convert between resistance and temperature for Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors, with tolerance class limits.
53
Modbus RTU CRC-16 calculator
Calculate the CRC-16 for a Modbus RTU frame and see the byte order on the wire.
54
Modbus 16-, 32- and 64-bit register decoder
Decode integer and floating-point values from Modbus registers in each byte order.
55
Modbus RTU frame time and polling-cycle calculator
Calculate character and frame timing on a Modbus RTU link, and how long a polling cycle takes.
56
Copper and aluminium conductor resistance calculator
Estimate the DC resistance of a conductor run at its operating temperature.
57
Voltage drop calculator
Estimate voltage drop on a cable run from its length and the cable's resistance and reactance.
58
Wired M-Bus segment budget calculator
Check unit loads, far-end voltage and bus capacitance for a wired M-Bus segment.
59
Wired M-Bus primary-address schedule checker
Check an M-Bus primary address schedule for duplicates and reserved addresses before commissioning.
60
Pulse frequency and counter-rollover estimator
Check pulse frequency, counts per reporting interval and how long a counter takes to roll over.
61
4–20 mA loop voltage and headroom calculator
Check a 4–20 mA loop has enough supply voltage at its design current.
62
RTD lead-resistance error estimator
Estimate the temperature error that lead resistance adds to a two-wire or three-wire RTD.
63
Modbus RS-485 termination and bias reference
Check where termination and bias resistors belong on an RS-485 Modbus network.
64
EpiSensor current-transformer aperture selector
Find the EpiSensor CT option that suits the current per phase and fits around the conductor.
65
Heat-meter flow and return energy sanity check
Estimate heat output from flow and temperature difference to check a heat meter reading.
66
Compressed-air specific energy calculator
Calculate compressed air specific power: electrical input per unit of delivered air flow.
67
Centrifugal pump affinity-law calculator
Estimate how flow, head and power change when a centrifugal pump's speed changes.
68
Chiller COP and kW-per-ton sanity check
Calculate chiller COP, kW/ton and EER from cooling output and electrical input.
69
Heat-pump COP and seasonal performance calculator
Calculate a heat pump's COP or seasonal performance factor from heat delivered and electricity used.
70
Generator fuel-rate normalisation calculator
Calculate generator fuel use per hour and per kWh, and the average load over a run.
71
EV charging site-headroom worksheet
See how many EV chargers a site can run at once, interval by interval, within its import limit.
72
Demand-response event energy and rebound worksheet
Measure the reduction delivered in a demand response event, any shortfall, and the rebound afterwards.
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