Building performance
Energy management systems, baseload, savings measurement, equipment performance and condition monitoring.
Energy data means little until it is related to the work done: cooling delivered, air compressed, hours occupied.
Start with the equipment performance boundaries guide, then use the COP, pump and compressed-air calculators.
Learning path
18 guides · about 190 minutes
- Intelligent energy management systems (IEMS) An intelligent energy management system (IEMS) turns metering into action: what one does, what to specify, local or cloud architecture and acceptance tests. 17 min
- Finding and valuing overnight baseload How to measure the electricity a site uses out of hours, separate must-run loads from waste, value the avoidable part and verify a change. 11 min
- Measuring energy savings against a baseline Measure retrofit energy savings: adjusted baselines, regression, uncertainty, four IPMVP options and data to collect before the change. 12 min
- ISO 50001 requirements: clauses, certification and data ISO 50001:2018 requires an energy policy, energy review, significant energy uses, EnPIs, baselines and a data plan. Who must certify, and the data it takes. 15 min
- What is an energy audit? Levels, standards and the data it needs An energy audit finds where a site uses energy and which savings pay back. ASHRAE levels 1 to 3, EN 16247 and ISO 50002, who must audit, and a worked example. 11 min
- EU Directive 2023/1791 on energy efficiency Directive (EU) 2023/1791, the recast EED: energy management above 85 TJ by 11 October 2027, audits above 10 TJ by 11 October 2026, and the data audits need. 9 min
- EU data centre energy and sustainability reporting Apply the EU 500 kW installed IT power threshold, annual reporting scope and measurement rules for energy, backup generation, cooling and water. 10 min
- Germany’s GEG building automation requirements Germany’s current Section 56 duties for building automation above 70 kW: deadline, monitoring, open data, indoor climate and lighting control. 8 min
- Italy’s building automation requirements for non-residential buildings Italy’s current 290 kW building automation duty, the 2025 deadline, statutory exceptions, required functions and the recast EPBD’s 70 kW step. 7 min
- Ireland’s building automation requirements for non-residential buildings Ireland’s current 290 kW building automation duty, required BACS functions, enforcement position and the recast EPBD path to 70 kW and lighting control. 9 min
- France’s BACS decree: building automation requirements The current French BACS deadlines, systems in scope, required energy data and controls, inspection duties, and a practical retrofit measurement plan. 7 min
- France: room temperature controls and pipe insulation France’s 2027 and 2030 deadlines for room or zone temperature controls and pipe insulation, and how they differ from BACS and OPERAT. 8 min
- France OPERAT: tertiary energy reporting guide Who must report to France's OPERAT platform, the 2030, 2040 and 2050 energy targets, and how to build a reliable meter and building-boundary record. 8 min
- ESOS phase 4: deadlines, requirements and submetering The ESOS phase 4 qualification date is 31 December 2026 and notification is due by 5 December 2027. Requirements, action plans, progress updates and metering. 11 min
- SEAI EXEED grants and the metering they need SEAI EXEED grant rates for 2026, the retention that measured savings release, a worked heat pump example and the metering to fit before the works start. 10 min
- Equipment performance monitoring boundaries Define input, useful output, operating state and time boundaries before calculating pump, compressor, boiler, chiller or heat-pump performance. 9 min
- Condition monitoring from electrical data Use electrical data to monitor motors, pumps, fans and compressors: baselines, diagnostic limits and when to add vibration or thermal measurements. 10 min
- IoT environmental monitoring: sensors, networks and placement IoT environmental monitoring with wireless temperature, humidity, CO₂ and particulate sensors: what each measures, networks, placement, alerts and data gaps. 18 min
Food safety temperature monitoring
4 guides · about 43 minutes
- HACCP temperature control: critical limits, monitoring and records Critical limits, monitoring, corrective actions and records for chilled, frozen, cooking, cooling and hot-holding steps, and what automation adds. 14 min
- Food storage temperatures: chilled and frozen limits by country Chilled, frozen and quick-frozen food temperature limits in EU law and in Ireland, the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Spain, with tolerances and sources. 12 min
- Temperature probe placement in cold rooms, fridges and display cases Where to put temperature probes in cold rooms, fridges, freezers and display cases, with buffered probes, defrost cycles, alarm delays and calibration. 10 min
- EN 12830 temperature recorders and Regulation (EC) 37/2005 What Regulation (EC) 37/2005 requires for quick-frozen food records, what EN 12830, EN 13485 and EN 13486 cover, and where a monitoring system fits. 7 min
More in Building performance
- EPBD recast 2024: requirements and building automation rulesWhat the EPBD recast, Directive (EU) 2024/1275, requires and when: zero-emission buildings, renovation standards, solar, EPCs and Article 13 BACS rules.
- France CEE BAT-TH-116 funding for building management systemsWhat BAT-TH-116 covers for French tertiary-building GTB projects: eligible work, class A or B functions, evidence, controls and the BACS boundary.
- France CEE IND-UT-134: industrial energy-performance measurementCurrent IND-UT-134 A35-2 rules for industrial energy-performance measurement: eligible uses, power limit, data intervals, history, alarms and evidence.
- Germany EnEfG: energy management, action plans and waste heatGermany’s EnEfG thresholds for energy management, published action plans and waste-heat records, with a practical measurement plan for industry.
- Italy: Conto termico 3.0 funding for building automationHow Italy’s Conto Termico 3.0 supports eligible building automation: covered buildings, functions, rates, caps, evidence and application timing.
- Italy: mandatory energy audits and ISO 50001Italy’s current energy-audit rules for large and energy-intensive companies: four-year cycles, 50 toe exemption, qualified auditors, Audit102 and ISO 50001.
- Spain CAE: energy savings certificates and measurement evidenceHow Spain's CAE system turns verified final-energy savings into certificates: eligibility, baselines, evidence, verification and metering boundaries.
- Spain RD 56/2016: energy audits and metering evidenceSpain’s current large-company energy audit rules: scope, four-year cycle, 85% coverage, registration, measurement evidence and the EU EED transition.
Calculators
All calculators- Heat meter check Estimate heat output from flow and temperature difference to check a heat meter reading.
- Compressed air specific power Calculate compressed air specific power: electrical input per unit of delivered air flow.
- Pump affinity laws Estimate how flow, head and power change when a centrifugal pump's speed changes.
- Chiller COP Calculate chiller COP, kW/ton and EER from cooling output and electrical input.
- Heat pump COP Calculate a heat pump's instantaneous COP or measured-period performance factor from heat delivered and electricity used.
- Generator fuel consumption Calculate generator fuel use per hour and per kWh, and the average load over a run.
- IP rating Decode an IP code: the solids and water numerals, the optional letters and what the rating leaves out.
- Gas m³ to kWh Convert gas meter readings or volume to kWh using the calorific value and correction factor.
- Energy unit converter Convert kWh, MJ, Btu, therms and toe, or kW, Btu/h, tons and hp, with every unit at once.
- Carbon emissions calculator Convert kWh of electricity or gas to CO₂e with dated, sourced factors or your own.
- Energy monitoring payback calculator Estimate the payback of an energy monitoring system from spend, expected saving and hardware cost.
- Dew point and humidity Find dew point from temperature and relative humidity, or the reverse, with absolute humidity.
- Heating degree days Compare daily temperatures with a balance point and distinguish weather-dependent heating from base load.
EpiSensor products
Devices for this topic
Measuring the performance of a plant item?
Tell System Builder which equipment you want to monitor. It lists the inputs and outputs to measure and the hardware for each.